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 Tenses in Hindi - definition, types and examples in detail

In Hindi, there are three primary tenses - present, past, and future - each of which can be further divided into four aspects: simple, continuous, perfect, and perfect continuous.

Present Tense:

Simple Present Tense: The simple present tense is used to describe actions that are currently happening or habitual actions.

Example: मैं खाना खाता हूँ। (I eat food.)

  

Present Continuous Tense

 The present continuous tense is used to describe an action that is in progress at the time of speaking.

Example: मैं अभी खाना खा रहा हूँ। (I am eating food right now.)

Present Perfect Tense: 

The present perfect tense is used to describe an action that has occurred at an unspecified time before now, or an action that began in the past and continues into the present.

Example: मैंने खाना खा लिया है। (I have eaten food.)

Present Perfect Continuous Tense:

 The present perfect continuous tense is used to describe an action that began in the past and is still ongoing.

Example: मैं तीन घंटे से खाना खा रहा हूँ। (I have been eating food for three hours.)

Past Tense:

Simple Past Tense: The simple past tense is used to describe actions that happened in the past and are now completed.

Example: मैं खाना खाया था। (I ate food.)

Past Continuous Tense:

 The past continuous tense is used to describe an action that was in progress at a specific point in the past.

Example: मैं रात को खाना खा रहा था। (I was eating food last night.)

Past Perfect Tense: 

The past perfect tense is used to describe an action that was completed before another action in the past.

Example: मैंने खाना खा लिया था जब तुम आए। (I had eaten food when you came.)

Past Perfect Continuous Tense:

 The past perfect continuous tense is used to describe an action that had been ongoing before another action in the past.

Example: मैं तीन घंटे से खाना खा रहा था जब तुम आए। (I had been eating food for three hours when you came.)

Future Tense:

Simple Future Tense: The simple future tense is used to describe actions that will happen in the future.

Example: मैं कल खाना खाऊंगा। (I will eat food tomorrow.)

Future Continuous Tense:

 The future continuous tense is used to describe an action that will be in progress at a specific point in the future.

Example: मैं कल दोपहर को खाना खा रहा होऊंगा। (I will be eating food tomorrow afternoon.)

Future Perfect Tense: 

The future perfect tense is used to describe an action that will be completed before another action in the future.

Example: मैं कल सु